Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

ADHD is a common neurodevelopmental disorder, which affects over 8% of Australian children. As we understand more about ADHD, more adults are being diagnosed in their 30s and 40s. For many people, a later-in-life diagnosis helps them make sense of some of their childhood struggles.

The main signs and symptoms of ADHD include:

• inattention: difficulty concentrating, staying on task, and remembering instructions;
• impulsivity: talking over the top of others or acting without thinking;
• hyperactivity: restlessness, fidgeting, and struggling to sit still.

While all kids sometimes find it hard to sit still or listen, only a few have ADHD.

People with ADHD have differences in both brain anatomy and function. While researchers don’t understand the exact causes, genetics are likely to play a large role. Other factors might include premature birth, low birth weight, environmental toxins, epilepsy, or lack of early attachment as a baby.

ADHD affects more than 8% of Australian children and is more commonly diagnosed in males than females.

People with ADHD are more likely to experience other mental health challenges, such as mood, anxiety, and sleep disorders.

While ADHD typically presents in childhood, it can continue across the lifespan. More than 75% of children with ADHD will continue to have symptoms as an adult.

There are three types of ADHD – inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive, and combined.

People with inattentive ADHD might have difficulty with:

• focusing or maintaining attention;
• completing tasks;
• being easily distracted;
• organising tasks, belongings, or time;
• following instructions;
• losing things.

People with hyperactive-impulsive ADHD might show symptoms of hyperactivity such as:

• fidgeting;
• finding it hard to sit still;
• being extremely restless;
• talking when it’s not appropriate;
• needing to move around constantly.

As well as symptoms of impulsivity:

• interrupting conversations;
• difficulty waiting for their turn;
• making decisions without thinking of the consequences.

People with combined ADHD show symptoms of both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive ADHD.

Treatment for ADHD can include medication, parenting skills training, support groups, cognitive therapy, and stress management techniques.

Medication can have side effects and isn’t always effective, with around 25% of people not responding to ADHD medication. And while medication can reduce symptoms, it doesn't necessarily address all aspects of ADHD.

That’s why we’re continuing to work on identifying risk factors, so we can better understand ADHD and how to manage symptoms effectively.