Malaria

The impact of our research

Our researchers have tested more than 10 new anti-malarial drugs in Phase I clinical trials in collaboration with Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) and other international partners.

As part of these studies, we have gained new insights into the disease and its effect on humans. Our state-of-the-art pathogen and insect containment facilities enable studies on mosquito-parasite interactions and testing of new control measures aimed at the mosquito vector.

Our researchers aim to test new anti-malarial drugs for deployment in the field and improve anti-parasitic immune responses to help prevent and control disease.

"Malaria is a disease of massive inequity with over half of all deaths globally occurring in only four countries.” – Associate Professor Bridget Barber

The good-for-nothing mosquito. The Anopheles (literally translates as good for nothing) Mosquito are the genus of mosquitoes which spread malaria to humans.

The ancient Romans named it Malaria – literally “bad air” because they believed the disease was spread by a miasma – unhealthy air.

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About malaria

What is malaria?

Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites and transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes. It disproportionately affects the most vulnerable populations, including children under five and pregnant women.

Current efforts to control malaria have stalled, with malaria incidence stable since 2015. Insecticide resistance is a growing problem that threatens the effectiveness of current malaria control measures, threatening what progress has been made.

Growing resistance to anti-malarial drugs jeopardises the effectiveness of current treatments, and increases the burden of the disease, particularly in regions where it is endemic.

If we are to eliminate malaria, new approaches are needed to improve current vaccine candidates and drug treatments.

Who gets malaria?

The highest rates of malaria transmission are in Africa, south of the Sahara, and parts of Oceania including Papua New Guinea. In these areas infants, children, pregnant women and the elderly are most at risk of contracting malaria.

What are the symptoms of malaria?

Symptoms of malaria can include:

  • Fever
  • Chills
  • Headache
  • Vomiting or nausea
  • Diarrhea
  • Joint pain
How is malaria treated?

Multiple medicines are used to prevent and treat malaria, however over the last decade malaria has developed partial resistance to one of the most common medications used to treat it. This is a threat to global malaria controls.

Is there malaria in Australia?

Australia was declared malaria free in 1981, but our climate makes us vulnerable to a return of one of the deadliest diseases.

Facts about malaria

Half
of the world's population is at risk.
247 mil
In 2021 there were an estimated 247 million cases worldwide and 619 000 deaths
103
Malaria is present in 103 countries worldwide

Our malaria research

ADF Malaria & Infectious Disease Institute Laboratory

The Australian Defence Force Malaria & Infectious Disease institute Laboratory, led by Dr Qin Cheng, investigates the biological and molecular changes in malaria parasites that make them difficult to detect and/or resistant to anti-malarial drugs, and the epidemiological surveillance of these parasites. These findings inform malaria diagnosis and treatment policies for improving public health and defence force health protection.

“Our research aims to unravel the elusive biological and molecular changes that make malaria parasites difficult to detect and resistant to anti-malarial drugs. Through rigorous epidemiological surveillance, we aim to empower communities worldwide with the knowledge needed to combat this relentless disease, ensuring a brighter, malaria-free future for all."

Dr Qin Cheng

Mosquito Genomics

Led by Associate Professor Gordana Rašić, this lab works on curbing the devastating impact of malaria through the improved surveillance and biological control of malaria mosquitoes. Their new genomics tools and models for tracking how mosquitoes move and reproduce in different environments enable more effective malaria suppression. This is particularly important for the safe and responsible implementation of new technologies such as gene drives for malaria elimination, that are making their way to the field testing in Africa.

"We need new ways to fight mosquitoes that are ever-evolving resistance to our insecticides. Genomics offers powerful tools to better understand and exploit mosquito biology in a way that avoids the use of environmentally-harmful chemicals. Our unique expertise and resources in mosquito genomics put us at the global forefront of this critical scientific endeavor.”

Associate Professor Gordana Rašić

Mosquito Control

The Mosquito Control Laboratory, led by Associate Professor Greg Devine, are tackling malaria from another angle. They are using mosquito surveillance, management and manipulation in an attempt to control the disease. Their innovative work in mosquito surveillance and control aims to interrupt parasite and pathogen transmission. They are a key partner in a national, regional and international networks. Their presence significantly enhances Australia’s ability to investigate emerging vector-borne disease threats in the region.

“Without an effective vaccine or groundbreaking new treatments, controlling the mosquitos that spread the parasite remains our best hope of controlling malaria. Our unique size, capacity, and expertise in the Southern Hemisphere allows us to play a key role enhancing Australia's ability to investigate and control vector-borne disease threats in the region."

Associate Professor Greg Devine